Volcano. How & why Volcano Erupts? All about Volcano.

Volcano| Volcano is the biggest natural phenomenon. Volcano are very destructive and very hot. There are many active Volcano around the world which erupts yearly. These volcano are very much not in our control. So today in this topic we are going to discuss everything about the volcanoes how they erupts? why they Erupts?. So let's Start :

What is a Volcano?

Volcanoes are our most dangerous landforms, ready to launch liquid stone and billows of thick debris high into the climate with destroying results. Volcanoes for the most part happen along dangerous and helpful plate limits, where plates are pushed together or hauled separated. Splits or shortcomings permit magma to ascend from beneath the Earth's hull. Weight develops which at that point discharges out of nowhere making the magma detonate , a volcanic ejection. Magma that arrives at the Earth's surface is called magma. This liquid magma in the end cools to frame new shake. After more eruptions over time a mound of rock builds up forming a cone-shaped volcano. Volcanoes all have a similar key structure an assortment of magma underneath the well of lava frames a hot foaming heater called the magma chamber. The main vent allows this magma to escape and secondary vents a smaller outlets the magma can travel through. The collapsed surface is known as the pit it's made after an emission blows the head of the well of lava.

How Volcano Erupts ?

Eruptions occur when pressure forces magma from the chamber up the main vent towards the crater, if the ash and mud from a volcanic eruption mix with rain water or snow it creates fast-moving mud flows. The hot magma and overpowering mud streams can crush enormous zones, anyway volcanoes are additionally basic for life on our planet. Researchers accept that volcanoes shaped Earth's first climate by heaving water fume sulfur dioxide nitrogen and carbon dioxide into the air, and volcanic emissions keep on adding to the carbon cycle critical to life by discharging carbon dioxide. They can experience extensive stretches of being extremely dynamic yet they may likewise become torpid not emitting for hundreds or thousands of years and in the end they can become wiped out simply leaving a cone-molded Hill that never ejects again.

Why Volcano Erupts ?

The surface of the earth the crust is comprised of a number of tectonic plates, which are constantly moving slowly at about the rate your fingernails grow. Most volcanic activity occurs at the places where these plates meet, the plate boundaries. The large layer of rock beneath the earth's crust is called the mantle this is mostly solid but in certain places it can melt to become magma, this causes volcanic activity. At mid-ocean ridges tectonic plates move apart, this creates space for the mantle Rock below to rise. As it moves upwards the pressure on the rock decreases allowing it to melt. When the magma reaches the surface the ocean water causes it to cool creating giant pillow-like formations of a rock called basalt. These rocks make up most of the seafloor. At subduction plate boundaries a thin oceanic plate slides under a thicker continental plate, the oceanic plate is saturated with water which it drags down into the earth. At around 60 miles deep the water trapped inside is released which reduces the melting point of the surrounding rock allowing it to melt. This melted rock cools as it rises different minerals cool at different rates and one of the last to cool is silica. The magma which eventually reaches the surface is silica rich which makes it thick and gloopy. Because the magma is so thick the gas is released on melting get trapped in large bubbles. When one of these reaches the surface it bursts, this is what causes an explosive volcanic eruption. There are also a number of so-called volcanic hot spots away from plate boundaries, here mantle rock is melted by a plume of heat originating from deep in the earth. The Hawaiian Islands were formed over one such hotspot and still contained the world's most active volcano Kilauea.

Types Of Volcanoes :

Cinder cone volcanoes :  

These happen when magma is catapulted from a volcanic vent magma is shot into the air and pieces collect around the vent this makes a round or oval-molded cone with a bowl-formed cavity at the top.

Composite volcanoes :

These contain a conduit system that channels magma to the surface. These volcanoes can have clusters events along the sides of the mountain where lava flows out.

Shield volcanoes :

These  are large broad volcanoes where lava pours out in thin layers allowing it to travel farther down the shallow slopes. They build up slowly with hundreds of eruptions creating many layers. Lava domes are created when small masses of thick lava can't flow far from the source so domes pile up around the vent. The dome grows by expansion of lava from within and the mountain forms from material spilling off the size of the dome. Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a good example.  

Strato Volcanoes :

The most beautiful volcanoes are large, steep stratovolcanoes. These are composite volcanoes that are formed out of alternating layers of scoria, like pyroclastic material and lava. These constructions are steep and strong and reach great heights. Fujiyama in Japan is a famous example.

Top 5 most dangerous active volcanoes :

5. Galeras, Colombia :

Galeras is the most active volcano in Colombia. The city of pasto with 450,000 people sits on the mountains eastern slope. The volcano infamously erupted in 1993 in the middle of a decade volcano conference, killing six scientists and three tourists.

4. Sakurajima, Japan :

Sakurajima used to be a separate island but that all changed in 1914, when a big eruption spewed lava flows that connected the island to the mainland of Japan. The nearby city of Kagoshima has 700,000 people

3. Popocatepetl, Mexico :

What makes this volcano so dangerous is its close proximity to Mexico City by just 35 miles. The Megalopolis is home to 18 million people there have been 15 major eruptions in the past 500 years with the last big one occurring in 1947.

2. Mount Vesuvius, Italy :

This famous volcano was responsible for the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 AD. Clearly we didn't learn from the past as the volcano is located just five miles from the city of Naples. It is the most densely populated volcanic region in the world with around 3 million people living in Vesuvius is shadow.

1. Yellowstone, USA :

Yellowstone National Park is home to the most stunning landscapes and geothermal features such as the Old Faithful geyser. While tourists flocked to admire the parks natural beauty a ticking time bomb lurks beneath the ground with the power capable of devastating the entire western half of the United States. Its last eruption was six hundred forty thousand years ago and it's due for another one. let's just hope it's not in our lifetime.

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